Us $800-1800 / ton ( fob price) En 42j alloy steel round bar. Special shaped bright bar; Ms bright bar; Stainless steel polished & export bright rod 301,302,303,304. NACE Mild Steel Bright Bar, Single Piece Length: 6 meter, Size/Dimension: 20mm-750mm ₹ 95/ Kg Get Latest Price . This material can be case hardened and is normally used in the supplied condition. View Complete Details. 7mm) Mild Steel Square Bright. Contact Supplier. Square Bars; Hex Bars; Round Bars; HHB Wires; HB Wires; Get in touch. Our Bright Bars manufacturing plant has integrated in house facility for Shot. These products are surprisingly favored for their excessive tensile strength, corrosion resistance and sturdiness. mm2 × 0. Us $1000-1700 / ton ( fob price) Din 17crnimo6 alloy steel hot rolled round bar. 17 63. SAE 4140 Bright Bar; EN 18 Bright Round Bar; EN 19 Bright Hex Bar; EN 31 Bright Round Bar. Get Quote. 4. Weight in Kg. US$ 700. Super Metal Manufacturing Co. Usage/Application: Industrial. Surface: Bright. Diameter: 6mm- 8mm. Bright Bars offered to find application in areas like Machined Components, Dairy Equipment, Pump. MS C 55 Bright Bar, Single Piece Length: 6 meter. Flat bars of quality steel. EN 3B Alloy Steel Round Bar are commonly used in parts of gas turbine engines that are subject to high temperatures and require high strength, excellent high temperature creep. Round Bright Bars (VSP Make) Scalene Triangle Bright Bar. We have the largest range of round steel bars, available from stock, and offer a cutting service, but. Bright steel round bars are used in a wide variety of applications, including the manufacture and repair of gates, railings and fencing, and for decorative purposes. S. Limitation of Liabilityen 1a bright bar. Contact Supplier. Venus Wires is a stainless steel bright square bar manufacturer that produces a wide variety of stainless. Under this range, we offer Stainless Steel Bright Bars, Stainless Steel Bright Round Bars, Stainless Steel Square Bright Bars, Stainless Steel Hex Bright Bars, Cold Rolled Steel Bright. US$ 700. 4140 Bright Bar ₹ 90/ Kg. Round,Square & Hex: Single Piece Length: 3 meter: Product Description. en8 black round steel bars. The Size in Bright Flat ranges from 12 x 3 mm to 100 x 25 mm. 3 TO 6 MTR. Leading Manufacturer of EN 8D Bright Round Bar, EN 8D Bright Hex Bar, EN 8 Bright Round Bar, EN 8 Bright Hex Bar, EN 8 Bright Square Bar and C45 BRIGHT ROUND BARS from Pune. Get Quote. Get Contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplying Bright Bar in Faridabad. hexagon bright bar. 2 – 6 meters (8 to 20 feet) Chamfering. Squares: EN31 bright bar is available in square bar form with sizes. Square Bars; Hex Bars; Round Bars; HHB Wires; HB Wires; Get in touch. 60 mm X 0. Turned. Connect Now. Contact Us. We are manufacturer of SS 304 Bright Round Bar. These are made of superior quality raw material. 77 p/m (ex VAT) View Details. read more. Surface Treatment: Bright. 55% – 0. viraj Rimjhim 202 Stainless Steel Square Bar Bright, For Industrial, Size: 3mm to 100mm ₹ 140 / Kg. Ashish Ferromet Private Limited. Steel Mart - Offering Steel EN 31 BRIGHT BAR at Rs 110/kg in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Country of Origin. 88,781. M S Bright Bar. Whether you're looking for Duplex Steel Square Bars, Bright Square Bar, Cronidur 30 etc, you can explore and find the best products from Tradeindia. Automobile Industry. 80 x 40mm to 150 x 75mm section; 5. EN 45 Bright Bar Physical Properties. we are ISO 9001:2015 Certified Bright Bars Manufacturer in Maharashtra. T -Shape Cold Drawn Bright Bar. EN8 is unalloyed medium carbon Steel (BS 970 080m40) has high strength levels compared to normal bright Mild Steel, due to thermo mechanical rolling. Round bar size : Diameter: 3-~800mm. Mumbai,. Us $1000-1700 / ton ( fob price) Din 17crnimo6 alloy steel hot rolled round bar. High-Quality Round Bright Bar manufacturer, supplier and exporter in. 700 to 7000 mm. To produce flawless range, we have employed a highly creative team of professionals who have immense experience in the industry. US $ 1200-2500 / Ton. Get contact details & address of companies retailing, manufacturing and supplying Bright Bar across India. 00/ Ton. 1018 MS Bright Round Bar; IS 2062 MS Bright Round Bar; 1018 MS Bright Hex Bar + View. EN 9 Bar is offered by us in 25, 28, 45, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 140, 160, 170, 180 diameters and provide. Forging Steel En 8 Round Bar. Contact us now. Our wearhouse of EN 3B Alloy Steel Round Bar 6 locations throughout India, area include approximately 750,000 square feet of production. 5 3. If you are looking for cross-sectional uniformity in your steel, then the En1a square bright bar. Peeled Bars: Dia. Manufacturer of EN Series Bar - EN 31 Bright Bar, EN 8 Bright Bar, EN 9 Bright Bar and EN 19 Bright Bar offered by Five Star Metals, Mumbai, Maharashtra. EN 31 Bright Bar; EN 32b Bright Bar; EN 42j Bright Bar; EN16; EN 36 Bright Bar; SAE 4140 Bright Bar; EN 47 Spring Steel; EN 45 Bright Bar; EN18; EN 9 Bright Bar; EN15;. is an independent producer of EN 1A Alloy Steel Round Bar based in India, manufacturing cold drawn steel in freecutting, specifications in accordance to BS EN ISO 9001:2008 . Bright bars are steel bars that are geometrically precise in shape and have a tight dimensional tolerance. Devasya Industries. Check out the menu for Pure Health Lounge. EN19 Round Cornered Square (RCS) – 55mm to 75mm. 0mm thickness. Get Quote. 888 1. EN 31 EN 3A EN 3B. Any size within our size range can be manufactured provided the requirement is regular. Matta Drawing Works - Offering Matta MS Square Bright Bar for Industrial at Rs 75/kg in Faridabad, Haryana. National Steel Industries supplies EN19 round bars, sheets and plates, forged bars, bright bars, flat bars, billets, etc. Hexagons: EN31 bright bar is available in hexagonal bar form with sides ranging from 6 mm to 55 mm. Us $650-900 / ton ( fob price) Alloy round steel bar 20crnimo/ sae 4340. Super Metal Manufacturing Co. A Bright Bar is simply an advanced version of a Black Bar. Contact Supplier. At Dhand Steels, we manufacture bright square bars with enhanced mechanical properties, greater dimensional accuracy, subtle surface finish, and are free from surface defects. Established in the year of 1968, S. EN 8 Bright Bars. This is the pub on the campus of the University of Victoria in the Student Union Building. Made in India. 00 / Ton. Square Bright Bar is a most useful material but it is very expensive. These bright square bars find use in production of Pump Shafts, Valves, Machined Components, Thread Bars, Studs, Hinges, Handles and Machine Tools. Stainless Steel Bright Bars price in India: FOB price US $1. Find here Bright Bar manufacturers & OEMs in Faridabad. US $2100-5000 / Ton ( FOB Price) AISI 1045/JIS S45C Bright Finished Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Round Bar. view all. 7 atlas 6582: through. Wholesale Trader of SS Bright Bar - 11 Smn Pb30 Bright Bars, 304 Stainless Steel Bright Bar, 316 Stainless Steel Bright Bar and Bright Round Bar offered by Wadhwa Engineering Complex, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. 7222 (Other bars and rods of stainless steel; angles, shapes and sections of stainless steel – bars and rods, not further worked than hot rolled, hot-drawn or extruded: of circular cross section) 722211 – Of circular cross section. Deep Ms Square Bright Bars, Thickness: 5 To 30 Mm. The Bright Steel Square Bars can be availed at the most competitive and industrial leading price. check SS Square Bar Standard Sizes according to EN 10277, EN 10278, EN 10088-3. Carbon Steel Bright Bar. 4 atlas 1214fm: free machining steel bright carbon bar 36 4. They are often used in applications such as machine tools, gears, and other mechanical. Phosphorus (P): 0. Get Latest Price Request a quote. Cold-drawn flat bars. Sell. As a result of our more than a decade of expertise, we are capable of delivering. Our core products are speciality steels such as carbon and alloy steel (EN3A , EN8, EN9, EN19, EN24, EN36B), Bright Drawn & Peeled Bars, Mild Steel (Angles, Channels, I-Beams, Tubing, Squares, Rounds, Flats), Flat Products (Plate and Sheet), Band Saw Bi-Metals Blades and Brass, Bronze and Copper in Rods, Bars and Flats. Tee Sections. We are in to production of Cold Rolled and Cold Drawn Free Cutting Steel Square Bright Bars in vast size range. h11. 035% max. SWETA IMPEX. Super metal manufacturing co. Discover a wide range of square bright bar from top manufacturers, dealers, and distributors across Faridabad. IndiaMART. As a result, SS bright bars are in high demand these days for creating elaborate trellis and stairs. (Head Sales Manager) +91-62831-45034, (Sales Manager 2) +91-78147-05181. Size Range: 10MM. Matta Round En8 Square Bright Bar ₹ 100 / Kg. EN 9 Bright Square Bar. ₹ 295/ Kg. Bright Bar Manufacturers. 5% chromium. 100% tested thru Digital Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, as per ASTM A-388, EN 10308 (class 1 to 4), API 6A/ISO. US $650-760 / Ton ( FOB Price) AISI 431 Stainless steel solid polished bright mild steel round bar. Products. view all. EN 31 Bright Bar EN 32b Bright Bar EN 42j Bright Bar EN16 EN 36 Bright Bar SAE 4140 Bright Bar EN 47 Spring Steel EN 45 Bright Bar EN18 EN 9 Bright Bar EN15 IS 2062. In most instances the grain size and carbon content of the plate can meet excellent and remarkable requirements of clients. EN3B Bright Mild Steel is now a general purpose Steel that is suitable for welding, can be case-hardened and is good for general machining. TrustSEAL Verified. Bright steel bars, on the other hand, are made from cold drawn steel and have a shiny, polished finish. Us $1000-1700 / ton ( fob price) Din 17crnimo6 alloy steel hot rolled round bar. Us $630-730 / metric ton ( fob price) En47 alloy steel round bar. Heat treated and forged EN 8 bars can be manufactured. Q. MS Bright Square Bars is available in sizes of 5 mm to 65 mm with make options of Rolling, Concast Billet and VSP Billet. MOQ : 500 Kilogram Supply Type : Manufacturer Specification Shape : Rounded Square Dimension : 2. Virgamet offers: Methods of manufacture and surfaces of flat bars. In order to meet the demands of different industries, the offered range is. 2. Popular in Bright Bar. EN 31 Bright Bar; EN 32b Bright Bar; EN 42j Bright Bar; EN16; EN 36 Bright Bar; SAE 4140 Bright Bar; EN 47 Spring Steel; EN 45 Bright Bar; EN18; EN 9 Bright Bar; EN15;. 33 x 30mm to 295 x 1066mm. is an independent producer of EN 19 Alloy Steel Round Bar based in India, manufacturing cold drawn steel in freecutting, specifications in accordance to BS EN ISO 9001:2008 . Steel. Taken from BS EN 10278:1999, applicable to Bright Bars only. 5:. . We tend to give a huge assurance of things that are excellent for by far the most modern purposes. To produce flawless range, we have employed a highly creative team of professionals who have immense experience in the industry. Round Steel Bright Bar, Single Piece Length: 3 - 6 meter, Size: 1 - 3 inch. 005274 lb/ft, this formula is used to calculate the weight of MS square bar in pounds. We supply square bars and thus these products have got. 9 Years. Length: 4 m, 5. Square Bright Bar are commonly used in parts of gas turbine engines that are subject to high temperatures and. on our skilled and qualified professionals we are actively involved in offering a trendy range of Mild Steel Round Bright Bar to our valuable customers at pocket friendly prices p margin bottom 0 08in direction ltr color rgb 0 0 0 p western font family Times New Roman serif font. Usage/Application: Industrial. a high-quality assortment of stainless steel bright squares in a variety of grades and sizes to our clients. Harriet's Rooftop & Lounge. steel bright bar. Special Steel Profile. Stainless Steel Square Rod. GST No. Straightness Tolerances for Bright Bars. Share. Round Bar Billet Size : 1/2″ to 495mm Diameter. is an independent producer of EN 24 Alloy Steel Round Bar based in India, manufacturing cold drawn steel in freecutting, specifications in accordance to BS EN ISO 9001:2008 . 0mm: Square & Hexagon < or = 75mm: 1. Authorized Wholesale Dealer of Bright Bars - Ms Square Bar 16mm, Carbon Bright Bars, En19 Hexagonal Bright Steel Bar and En8 Polished Round Alloy Steel Bars offered by K. EN19 bright bar is a high quality alloy steel with tensile. Forming black bars doesn’t involve second reheating passes for accuracy, and hence, they are mostly developed without any delays in the process. 120mm. EN Series Carbon Steel Hexagonal Bars is often used at cryogenic temperatures, with excellent toughness to -450 Degree F, and low magnetic permeability. EN8 Bright Square Bars. Steel Bright Bar, Single Piece Length: 3 meter. Bard and Banker. Forging Steel En 8 Round Bar. EN8D is an unalloyed medium carbon steel (BS 970 080m40) has high strength levels compared to normal bright mild steel, because of thermo mechanical rolling. Bright Square Bars, Size/Dimension: >40 mm, Size: 40 Mm Up. EN 31 Bright Bar; EN 32b Bright Bar; EN 42j Bright Bar; EN16; EN 36 Bright Bar;. Contact Supplier Request a quote. Material: Mild Steel. Stockiest & Suppliers of: All Kind of Ind. . 31/kg. 0,31%C 0,60%Mn 3,0%Ni 1,0%Cr: Heat Treat(U) 755: 927: 23: Nickel-Chrom-Mo:. Us $10-118 / piece ( fob price) 905m39 34cralmo5 1. 5mm. Other Bars And Rods Of Stainless Steel; Angles, Shapes And Sections Of Stainless Steel - Bars And Rods, Not Further Worked Than Hot Rolled, Hot-Drawn Or Extruded: Of Circular Cross Section : Bright Bars : Nickel Chromium Austenitic Type. View Complete Details. EN8 Bright Square Bars are offered in sizes ranging from 4mm to 80mm, with manufacturing options including rolling, contact billet, and VSP billet. For final EN1A Hex Bar price list please mail us. Below given are its list. Single Piece Length: 3 meter, 6 meter. Leading Manufacturer of EN 8D Bright Round Bar, EN 8D Bright Hex Bar, EN 8 Bright Round Bar, EN 8 Bright Hex Bar, EN 8 Bright Square Bar and C45 BRIGHT ROUND BARS from Pune. We manufacture bright bars of ferritic, austenitic and martensitic stainless steel conforming to AISI 303, 304, 304L, 310, 316, 316L, 316Ti, 321, 403, 409, 410, 416, 420, 430, 430F. 31:58 2022-08-27 06:49:57 EN1A Bright Steel Bar. Five Star Metals. Dynamo and Motorshafts, heat-treated bolts, crankshafts, connecting rods, driving rings & flanges, railway couplings, axels, brackets, housings, miscellaneous gun carriage and small arms parts not subjected to high stresses or severe wear. 65%. en31 steel bar price: price: en 31 round bar:- 25 mm dia x 1 mtr long: 2,284/kgs: en31 round bar 45 mm dia-12 mtrs: 119/kgs: en31 round bar 75 mm dia-6mtrs: 119/kgs: assorted. Us $750-1500 / ton ( fob price) 52100/gcr15/ en31 round bar. Juice Bar $ $$$. Sift the flour, salt, and powdered sugar into a bowl and whisk together. EN 9 has a good combination of strength, wear resistance, and durability, which makes it suitable for a wide range of applications. P. EN8 supplier and manufacturer of round bars, billets, square bars, bright bars, plates, flats, blocks, and sheets. Umedpur, Sahnewal Dehlon road,. Bright bars come in a variety of shapes, including rounds, flats, hexagons, and squares. Us $650-900 / ton ( fob price) 27c15 alloy steel round bar. Square bar: Square bars are four-sided bars that are available in a variety of sizes. Us $500-1200 / ton ( fob price) 15mo3 alloy steel round bar. Get Best Price. Here are the major factors that validate the outstanding properties of our Bright Bars -. You can also make the shortbread crust in a stand mixer fitted with a paddle attachment, there’s less elbow grease needed and the paddle tends to break the dough. R. 1984 was the year, when we, Sweta Impex stepped into the market as a Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters and Importer of Bright Bars, Carbon Steel Round Bars, Finished Bright Bar Bundles, Peeled Bright Round Bars. Ballabgarh, Faridabad - 121004, Dist. square bright bar. Request. Length. Leading Supplier TrustSEAL Verified. 700 to 7000 mm. EN-1A square bright bar is. Us $750-1500 / ton ( fob price) 52100/gcr15/ en31 round bar. EN 29B is a very popular grade of low carbon-manganese freecutting. Metline is a full line processor and supplier of stainless steel round bars and rods in all major grades including SS 304/304L, SS 316/316L, SS 904L, Duplex (F51, F53, F60, S31803) and 430F, 431. 2 – 1995 / ISO 286-2:1988 “ISO system of limits and fits. Manufacturer of EN Series Bar - EN 31 Bright Bar, EN 8 Bright Bar, EN 9 Bright Bar and EN 19 Bright Bar offered by Five Star Metals, Mumbai, Maharashtra. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. EN-36C is a very popular grade of low carbon-manganese freecutting. 5mm to 52. MS Square Bars are used in cranes gantry, bullock carts axles, conveyors, truck trailers and tippers, bright bars, anchor bolts and many more engineering industries. 3. Get Bright Bar at lowest price | ID: 2850057374948. 5mm. Leaded EN1A precision and bright round bar. Bright Bar, Alloy Steel Bright Bar, Alloy Tool Steel Bright Bar, Bearing Steel Bright Bar, Carbon Steel Bright Bar, Free Cutting Steel Bright Bar,Stainless Steel Bright Bar, Heat Treatable Steel Bright Bar. Less Than 6mm Ms C 45 Bright Hex Bar ₹ 54/ Kg. 854 4. 00 Mm Stainless Steel Bright Bar Ask PriceBright square bar have lot of advantages. EN8D is suitable for all-around engineering purposes which will require a Steel of greater strength. SUS 304 303 316 316L 310 310S Stainless Steel Bright Round Bar. Supply Conditions: Length – 2 metres – 6 metres (8 feet to 20 feet). Kisco supplies the bright steel bars for a multitude of applications and in various grades in carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, tool and die steel etc. Bright bars: Chromium type. 5 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #9,863 of 21,872 restaurants in London. Hot rolled and cold rolled flat bars. Ambika Brights. The raw material is made into a hot-rolled steel bar. EN 29B is widely used for the manufacture of components requiring superior surface finish with high production rates. angle ) US $2100-5000 / Ton ( FOB Price) SS 304 bright polish stainless steel square bar US $1000-4500 / Ton ( FOB Price) Sizes of Bright Mild Steel Flat Bar US $650-760 / Ton ( FOB Price)Manufacturer of Bright Bars - 1018 MS Bright Round Bar offered by Devasya Industries, Sanand, Gujarat. They are available in rounds, flats, hexagons, and squares. Product Details: Material: Alloy Steel: Single. Steel Udyog, Kolkata, West Bengal. IS2062 is a product standard of Bureau of Indian Standards for steel. Read about EN 31 Alloy Steel Round Bar. Size/Dimension: 10 mm. Ms/en8d/en1a/ En1a L Round Cold Drawn Bars,. flat bright bar. These products are developed in conformation with the set. Steel bar with a clean, smooth, bright surface, which may be ground or, sometimes, polished, and a round cross section 0. 00 / Metric Ton. en8,Y15 free-cutting steel bar. 0 to 6. Thickness: Immediately. EN31 Square Bars. Carbon Steel Hex Bars : 4mm. In addition to these, we are manufacturing a broad spectrum of Hexagon Bars, Square Bars, 16MnCr5 Bright Bars, EN- 31 Bright Bars, 20MnCr5 Bright Bars, Mild Steel Bright Bar, EN19 Bright Bars, EN-24 Bright Bars, SAE 8620 Bright Bar, etc. Size/Dimension: 20mm-750mm. Manufacturer of Leaded Bar - En 1 Bright Bar, En 1 A N L Bright Bar, EN 1 A Bright Bar and Square Bright Bar offered by Ananta Steel, Surat, Gujarat. EN32b Round Bar Components when carburized its have a strength range of 430-490 N/mm2 and a hard wearing surface. Devasya Industries - Offering MS EN 31 Bright Hex Bar at Rs 54/kg in Sanand, Gujarat. Made in India. Straightness: 0. R. 4. Used for gears axles and high strength studs. They are used in various purposes from fabrication of windows, grils, gates, etc to shafts, pins, fasteners, etc in industrial applications. is an independent producer of EN 36 Alloy Steel Round Bar based in India, manufacturing cold drawn steel in freecutting, specifications in accordance to BS EN ISO 9001:2008 . Mild Steel Square Bars. ASTM A 484 / ISO h11 / ISO K12 Tolerances F8 / h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, k12, k13, A-484, EN-10060, DIN-1013 etc. Also, clients can avail this 12l14 Bright Bar at pocket friendly prices. GST No. The square bars provided by the. EN 9 Bright Square Bar, For Industrial, Size/Dimension: 20-30 mm ₹ 50/ Unit Get Latest Price . View Mobile Number. bright steel flat bars. Made from high quality material to provide efficient performance at client's end. 8. Messages. R. Business listings of Bright Bar manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Bengaluru, Karnataka along with their contact details & address. . A wide range of low carbon steel bars is offered. com WHAT IS A BRIGHT BAR? “Bright bars are steel bars which are geometrically in precise shape and have tolerance which is tight dimensional. en1a bright round bars. ReviewsBusiness listings of Steel Bright Bar manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Delhi, स्टील ब्राइट बार विक्रेता, दिल्ली, Delhi along with their contact details & address. Get Quote. 00 mm. Steel EN 31 BRIGHT BAR ₹ 110 / Kg. Please note this is an approx Cost of EN1A Round Bar in India. EN 31 Round Case Hardening Steel Bar. They are also used in the manufacturing of cutting tools and molds. Dynamic Steel Overseas. Metropole Tubes. A bright bar is formed in cold-reduction mills by drawing and then cooling to room temperature, followed by annealing, turning, grinding, polishing and temper rolling. Mild Steel Square Bar, For Automobile, Size: 12 Mm To 55 Mm. EN31 Steel bright bar is a very high strength steel alloy which is hardened and tempered before supplying and has nickel, chromium, molybdenum making it high tensile steel strength, with good ductility and wear resistance. Price on request. 90%. Us $700-2000 / ton ( fob price) Astm alloy -20 stainless steel bar. EN 8D Bright Hex Bar. ₹ 60 / Kg. Us $550-650 / ton ( fob price) A 182 f-91 alloy steel round bar. 222 0. Bright Hex Bar. EN-8M, SAE1144, SAE1215. Ultrasonic Test. ₹ 50/ Kilogram Get Latest Price. Contact Supplier. 0. No order is too big or too small at Metal Supplies we can ensure you will be happy with our service. Bright Square Bars, Size/Dimension: >40 mm, Size: 40 Mm Up To 80mm. Thermal expansion: 12. For final EN-8 Carbon Steel Hex Bar price list please mail us. EN31 is a very high strength steel alloy that is hardened and tempered before supplying and has nickel, chromium, molybdenum making its high tensile steel strength, with good ductility and wear resistance. 00785kg/m, this formula is used to calculate the weight of MS square bar in Kilogram per meter. 4 mm to 800 mm. These experts make use of only those raw material, which have successfully passed metallurgical Tests and also have. We can provide you free cutting steel in the following size range : EN1A Leaded (Pb) Round Black from sizes 23. Devasya Industries. Section 7 – Engineering Steel Bar – Bright Mild Steel Bar October 2016 Page 5 – Section 7 Product and Stock Range for Bright Mild Steel Production Method Shape Size (mm) Standard Nominal Min. 5 mm. These steels are used for structural purpose.